Reconstruction's Impact
For background, consult some of the sources I’ve
suggested for the “Seneca Falls” essay dealing
with the 1848 convention and its leaders: Anthony, Douglass,
and Stanton. The suggestions I’ve made for the essay
on the legal status of women should also come in handy.
Of special interest will be the chapters on the Reconstruction
period in Schwarzenbach and Smith’s Women and
the U.S. Constitution; relevant sections of Hoff-Wilson’s
Law, Gender, And Injustice, Kerber and De Hart’s
Women's America; and Wortman’s Women
in American Law.
For the attempts of women to obtain voting rights through
the 14th and 15th amendments, see:
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/laws/a/equal_protect.htm
“FindLaw’s” page with text of the
19th amendment and notes on its legal and juridical
background may be helpful:
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment19/
You also have a good selection of websites with materials
on the Susan B. Anthony case – including lesson
plans. Gale Thomson’s excerpt from the print edition
of “Women’s Rights on Trial” is one
of them:
http://www.gale.com/free_resources/whm/trials/anthony.htm
There’s even more material for Virginia Minor’s
case. Look at the section in Kerber and De Hart’s
Women’s America, and then turn to these Internet
sites:
http://www.nps.gov/jeff/virginia_minor.html
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?
court=US&vol=88&invol=162
And don’t miss the History of the Supreme Court
Website’s thoughtful lesson plan on the case
http://www.historyofsupremecourt.org/resources/
lp_gender_minorvhappersett.htm
If your students are seriously interested in the subject,
try to get this on interlibrary loan:
The Reconstruction Amendments' Debates; The Legislative
History And Contemporary Debates In Congress On The
13th, 14th, And 15th Amendments. (Richmond: Virginia
Commission on Constitutional Government, 1963).
For the aftermath of the adoption of the 15th amendment,
consult the biographies of Anthony
and Stanton I’ve suggested for the Seneca
Falls essay, and add to the list these studies of Stone
and Howe, the founders of the American Woman Suffrage
Association:
Kerr, Andrea Moore. Lucy Stone: Speaking Out For
Equality. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University
Press, 1992.
Lasser, Carol, and Marlene Deahl Merrill, eds. Friends
and Sisters: Letters between Lucy Stone and Antoinette
Brown Blackwell, 1846-93. Urbana: University of
Illinois Press, 1987.
Million, Joelle. Woman's Voice, Woman's Place:
Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Woman's Rights Movement.
Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2003.
Wheeler, Leslie, ed. Loving Warriors: Selected
Letters of Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell, 1853-1893.
New York: Dial Press, 1981.
Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence
of Julia Ward Howe. Amherst: University of Massachusetts
Press, 1999.
Ziegler, Valarie H. Diva Julia: The Public Romance
And Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe. Harrisburg,
PA: Trinity Press International, 2003.
For the American Equal Rights Association, see these
websites:
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9124905
http://learning.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/
civilwar/recontwo/aera.html
When it comes to searching the Net or library catalogs,
be warned that in 1890, the National Woman Suffrage
Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association
settled their differences and merged into the National
American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Keyword
searches for one name inevitably retrieve materials
on one or more of the other two.
Bearing this in mind, head straight to our reliable
friend, American Memory, which has mounted a great selection
of materials from its National American Woman Suffrage
Association Collection, 1848-1921. Follow every link,
and search to your heart’s content:
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawshome.html
There are plenty of lively books on that liveliest
of 19th century suffragists, Victoria Claflin Woodhull.
Start with the most recent:
Frisken, Amanda. Victoria Woodhull's Sexual Revolution:
Political Theater and The Popular Press in Nineteenth-Century
America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
Press, 2004.
Gabriel, Mary. Notorious Victoria: The Life of
Victoria Woodhull, Uncensored. Chapel Hill, N.C.:
Algonquin Books, 1998.
Goldsmith, Barbara. Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage,
Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998.
Anthony’s attempt to vote and the resulting 1873
court case are covered in Anthony biographies, of course,
but if you’d like additional materials, look at
the section in:
Zelden, Charles L. Voting Rights On Trial: A Handbook
with Cases, Laws, and Documents. Santa Barbara,
C.A.: ABC-CLIO, 2002.